On 26 January, the Supreme Court of Greece eventually ruled against their extradition,[232] on the grounds that the eight were unlikely to face a fair trial if returned to their home country[233] and due to concerns over their safety. Industrial development, urbanization, and the growth of trade unions provided a base for the development of a radical left that included a new trade union federation, the Confederation of Reformist Workers’ Unions (Devrimci Işçi Sendıkalari Konfederasyonu [DİSK]; founded 1967); a revolutionary youth movement, Dev Genç (1969); a socialist political party, the Workers’ Party of Turkey (WPT; 1961); and an armed guerrilla movement, the Turkish People’s Liberation Army (1970). [40][52][53][54] The Turkish government alleged that Gülen was behind the coup (which Gülen denied) and that the United States was harboring him. [299], In April 2017 it was announced that President Erdoğan planned to establish a purpose-built museum dedicated to the coup events, called the "Museum of the 15 July: Martyrs and Democracy", to be located in Kahramankazan, a town near Ankara. ", "Bomb at Parliament Kills 12, CNN Turk Reports", "Marmaris'te Cumhurbaşkanı'nın Kaldığı Oteldeki Çatışmalar Sabaha Kadar Sürdü", "Turkish officials say coup attempt appears to have failed", "Ανακοίνωση της ΥΠΑ για την προσγείωση του τουρκικού ελικοπτέρου στην Αλεξανδρούπολη", "Τουρκικό ελικόπτερο με 8 άτομα προσγειώθηκε στην Αλεξανδρούπολη – Την άμεση έκδοσή τους ζήτησε ο Τσαβούσογλου (Video)", "Greece rejects seven Turkish coup plotter soldiers' asylum application – EUROPE", "Γεροβασίλη: Θα επιστραφεί το ταχύτερο το ελικόπτερο – Θα εξεταστούν οι αιτήσεις ασύλου", "Turkey coup: Turkish military helicopter lands in Greece and crew requests asylum", "Greece rejects three Turkish soldiers asylum requests", "Turkish coup bid crumbles as crowds answer call to streets, Erdoğan returns", "A reclusive religious scholar in Pennsylvania may be behind the attempted coup in Turkey", "Paralel'den darbe girişimi! Supported by Islamist (both pro-Gülen and pro-Erdoğan) prosecutors, security officials, and media, the purges allowed lower-rank Islamist officers to assume high-ranking military positions. I am certain they will continue as a committed and strong NATO ally. [115], The Turkish Presidential office said President Erdoğan was on holiday inside Turkey and safe and condemned the coup attempt to attack democracy. – Haber 10 – Haberler – Güncel ve Son Dakika Haberleri", Turkish forces try to crush last remnants of coup after Erdoğan returns, "Statement by Alliance for Shared Values on Developments in Turkey", "194 killed in quashed Gülenist coup attempt: Military", "Turkey: Crowds attack troops after coup attempt", "Turkey's Chief of Staff Hulusi Akar rescued from pro-coup soldiers", "Why Turkey's Coup Failed, according to an expert", "Turkey's Bungled Putsch: A Strange 20th Century Coup", "Why Turkey's coup didn't stand a chance", "Why Turkey's Coup D'Etat Failed: And Why Erdoğan's Craven Excesses Made it Inevitable", "Turkish President Foiled Coup With Luck, Tech Savvy", "Turkish rebel jets had Erdoğan's plane in sights during coup but did not fire", "Military coup was well planned and very nearly succeeded, say Turkish officials", "At height of Turkish coup bid, rebel jets had Erdoğan's plane in their sights", "Turkey's 85,000 mosques pray for dead in coup", "The Latest: More Police Arrive in Istanbul After Coup Bid", "What went wrong with Turkey's WhatsApp Coup", "Russia Warned Turkish Government About Imminent Coup – Reports", "Robert Fisk: How Erdoğan's meeting with Putin will tell us Syria's future", "Eleven Turkish coup commanders arrested after hiding in woods", "Turks See Purge as Witch Hunt of 'Medieval' Darkness", "Turkey suspends more than 15,000 education workers in widening purge", "Analysis: Uncanny parallels between Iranian Revolution and Erdoğan's latest purges", "US and EU leaders warn Turkey's Erdoğan over post-coup crackdown", "Turkey to release 38,000 prisoners to make room for more post-coup detainees", "Turkey to release 38,000 from jail; frees space for plotters", "Turkey: 32,000 jailed for links to group 'behind' coup", "Two Afghan-based Turkish generals detained in Dubai after failed coup: CNN Turk", "Suspected Turkey Coup Leader Served as Military Attaché to Israel", Suspected Turkey Coup Leader Served as Military Attaché to Israel, "Court sentences 72 former soldiers to life in jail for 2016 Turkey coup bid", "Turkish court sentences 72 defendants to life in coup bridge trial", "Turkey Jails 151 for Life for Roles in Failed 2016 Coup", "Who is Fethullah Gülen, the man blamed for coup attempt in Turkey? ", "Bekir Coşkun darbe girişiminin tiyatro olduğuna inanıyor", "As Turkey Coup Unfolded, 'the Whole Night Felt Like Doomsday, "Critics Raise False Flag After Failed Military Coup In Turkey", "Turkey coup: Conspiracy theorists claim power grab attempt was faked by Erdoğan", "Was Turkey's coup attempt just an elaborate hoax by Erdoğan? As such, Turkey is legally bound not to reintroduce the death penalty. European Union officials have been vocal about their opposition to purges by Turkish authorities in connection to the coup. [322][323] The Greek armed forces remained on alert the throughout the day for potential coup fugitives. [212][213] In Malatya, Sunni Islamists harassed residents of an Alevi neighbourhood, particularly the women, and attempted to enter the neighbourhood en masse. Türksat headquarters in Gölbaşı was also attacked, killing two security personnel. The military and judiciary have regularly intervened in politics to block or ban popular parties representing conservative Muslim Turks, attempting to relax the restrictions on traditional religious practices, such as women's wearing of headscarves. The leaders established a 38-member National Unity Committee with Gürsel as chairman. Prime Minister Yıldırım said at the Parliament that the state of emergency was necessary to "get rid of this scourge rapidly". "[141] State-run Anadolu Agency named former Colonel Muharrem Köse, who in March 2016 was dishonorably discharged for reported association with Gülen, as the suspected leader of the coup. [301] Kurdish militant separatist organization PKK, which Turkey and its allies label as a terrorist organization, urged their supporters to stay away from the coup and rather defend their people,[302] while the Communist Party called upon the people to overthrow the AKP government which they called an "enemy of humanity". We will say he came to us dead," the witness quoted a police doctor as saying. [91] on which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, issued a report in February 2017 detailing how operations by the Turkish infantry, artillery, tanks and possibly aircraft drove up to half a million people from their homes over a 17-month period from July 2015 to the end of 2016. Following an increasingly Islamist agenda, Erdoğan had reportedly "dropped any pretense of governing for all Turks." The anti-corruption efforts were a source of tension between the Gülenists and the AKP. Mass arrests followed, with at least 40,000 detained,[40][60] including at least 10,000 soldiers and, for reasons that remain unclear, 2,745 judges. The police brought in a water cannon to keep the attackers at bay. [109], Reuters reported on 15 July that an EU source described the coup as "well orchestrated," and predicted that "given the scale of the operation, it is difficult to imagine they will stop short of prevailing. "[321], On July, 20, there were reports that a group of Turkish military commandos coup fugitives would try to cross from Turkey to the island of Symi, in the southeastern Aegean, at Greece. UK's relations with Turkey, "President of Turkey Urges Resistance as Military Attempts Coup", "Real and imagined threats: the shared past of AKP and the Gülen movement", Ergenekon: Court quashes 'coup plot' convictions, "Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turns on Former Brother-in-Arms Fethullah Gülen", "Turkish Court Overturns Coup Plot Convictions of Generals", "Fethullah Gülen: who is the man Turkey's president blames for coup attempt? On 3 October 2016 Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmuş declared the governments intention to extend the state of emergency by a further three months raising objections from both the Republican People's Party (CHP) and Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) were critical of the governments use of their emergency powers and declared that they would vote against an extension. [319], On 1 August 2016, United States Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman, General Joseph Dunford, visited Turkey and condemned the coup attempt. The conscripted soldiers that the rebels mobilized were uninformed of their mission's true purpose and became demoralized. According to the report, it uncovered new evidence from 11 July 2016, four days before the planned coup bid, that a secret plan was circulated among select group of Armed Forces to give an appearance of a coup attempt. French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said that Turkey must work within the framework of the law to uphold Europe's democratic principles. All suspects' assets were seized.[195]. [245], In November 2016, NATO's secretary general, Jens Stoltenberg, said that Turkish NATO Officers had requested asylum in the countries where they had been posted. – BBC News", "Broken Gülen movement faces existential crisis", "Wollten Putschisten Erdoğans Säuberungswelle verhindern? Some events did happen, but those events didn't happen by the time the document started. [267], On 21 September 2016, ten Turkish civilians, two men, two women and six children landed by boat illegally on the Greek island of Rhodes and sought asylum. "[310], Mustafa Akıncı, President of Northern Cyprus, welcomed the fact that "no community in Turkey ... applauded the coup as they have done in the past. [174][175], On 28 September 2016, Turkish justice minister Bekir Bozdağ said 70,000 people had been processed and 32,000 were formally arrested. In short, they blame the military for its failure rather than acknowledge the power of the masses and their successes. [172], On 18 July 2016, United States State Secretary John Kerry urged Turkish authorities to halt the increasing crackdown on its citizens, indicating that the crackdown was meant to "suppress dissent." Relatively neglected from 1923 to 1939, the army underwent a rapid expansion during World War II and, after the war, was extensively modernized with the aid of U.S. advisers. The parliament building was reportedly bombed, news stations overtaken by troops including CNN’s Turkish studio, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan ordering “rebel” aircraft shot from the sky and the coup-plotters brought to “justice.” [268][269], On 29 September 2016, five Turkish nationals, a couple and their child and two other men, arrived in Greece, at Alexandroupolis by crossing the Evros River by boat illegally and requested political asylum. I categorically deny such accusations. [331], During and after the events, several politicians and commentators suggested that the government knew about the coup in advance and possibly directed it. The report, which recommended preparing for a coup, was delivered in six months. This document was submitted to the National Unity Committee on October 18. [164][165][166][167], An extensive purge of the Turkish civil service began in the wake of the coup attempt, with President Erdoğan warning his opponents that "they will pay a heavy price for this. [340], Thousands of arrests and purges were conducted by Turkish authorities between 16 and 18 July 2016. The government’s battle against remaining elements of the Fethullah Gülen movement, which it blames for … [13][122] Injuries were reported among protesters following gunfire on Bosphorus Bridge. The sheer number of these arrests made at such a speed could only be done so if the "Turkish government had all those lists ready", as suggested by Johannes Hahn, European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy, on 18 July 2016. That committee appointed a second committee to redraft the constitution; the new draft was presented to the Constituent Assembly, which met in January 1961. Also, the Greek Coast Guard was on alert and increased the patrols in the area, especially after a group of inflatable dinghies and other vessels were seen departing from Datca, on the Turkish coast, in the direction of Symi, they monitored the movements of the Turkish vessels, which remained in Turkish waters. "[228], The AKP's governmental majority allowed the three-month extension to take effect on 19 October 2016. This accelerated the tendency for former Democrat voters to turn to the JP. #Kurds must mobilise their units to defend #Kurdistan's interests #TwitterKurds @Hevallo", "Council of Europe Secretary General Jagland's rapid tweet against the 2016 Turkish coup attempt", Story of secret diplomacy that ended Russia-Turkey jet crisis, "Πραξικόπημα στην Τουρκία: Παυλόπουλος και Τσίπρας θα μιλήσουν σήμερα με τον Ερντογάν", "Επικοινωνία Τσίπρα με Ερντογάν και Γιλντιρίμ το Σάββατο", "What Pakistani politicians said about the coup attempt in Turkey", "Жириновский объяснил, почему военный переворот в Турции провалился". [121], By 01:00, it was reported that the military had pulled its forces from the Atatürk airport and people were coming inside, but by 01:13, it was reported that tanks were inside the airport and gunfire was heard.
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